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Have you noticed white patches or lesions inside your mouth? While there could be several reasons for this, two common conditions to consider are oral lichen planus and leukoplakia.
Understanding these conditions is important for early detection and seeking appropriate treatment. Let’s explore each one in detail.
Table of Contents
- Oral Lichen Planus
- Leukoplakia
- Oral Lichen Planus vs Leukoplakia
- The Role of an Oral Surgeon in Treating and Diagnosing Oral Conditions
- FAQs
Oral lichen planus is an autoimmune disorder characterized by white, lacy lesions, often causing discomfort and requiring management with corticosteroids. Leukoplakia is caused by chronic irritation, resulting in thick white patches that cannot be scraped off. Treatment includes identifying the source of irritation (i.e tobacco use, poor oral hygiene) and regular monitoring for potential cancerous changes.
Oral Lichen Planus
Oral lichen planus is a chronic condition affecting the oral mucosa, which is the mucous membrane lining the inside of the mouth.
It is an autoimmune disorder, meaning the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, leading to white, lace-like lesions in the mouth.
The condition can manifest in various forms, including reticular (white lines) and erosive lesions. It can affect different parts of the mouth, such as the buccal mucosa (the inner cheek lining), labial mucosa (the inner lining of the lips), tongue, and roof of mouth.
Identifying Oral Lichen Planus
The clinical features of oral lichen planus often involves white lines and patches that may cause discomfort or pain, especially during eating or dental hygiene.
These symptoms can sometimes lead to secondary infections or even an increased risk of developing oral cancer if not addressed properly.
Individuals with this condition may experience a burning sensation or mouth sores, especially when consuming acidic or spicy food.
Treatment Options for Oral Lichen Planus
Treatment for oral lichen planus primarily focuses on symptom management and a reduction of discomfort. Options often include:
- Topical corticosteroids: These are anti-inflammatory medications applied directly to the oral mucosa to reduce inflammation and pain.
- Oral corticosteroids or systemic corticosteroids: Used for more severe cases, these medications can help manage immune responses throughout the body.
- Mouth rinse: Special formulations can decrease irritation and promote healing.
Dietary and Lifestyle Changes
- Avoid acidic foods and spicy food to reduce irritation.
- Practice excellent oral hygiene using a soft toothbrush and gentle toothpaste.
- Regular dental checkups for monitoring erosion and potential lichenoid lesions.
Leukoplakia
Leukoplakia appears as thickened, white patches on the mucous membranes of the mouth.
Unlike oral lichen planus, it is not directly related to an autoimmune response. The primary causes include chronic irritation from tobacco use, rough teeth, or ill-fitting dentures.
There is also a potential connection to viral infections, although this is less common.
Identifying Leukoplakia
Leukoplakia patches are often recognizable by their thickness and the fact that they cannot be scraped away.
The lesions are usually smooth and do not cause discomfort, but they can sometimes turn red or become irritated. In rare cases, leukoplakia can be a sign of oral cancer.
Treatment Options for Leukoplakia
Managing leukoplakia involves:
- Addressing the underlying cause, i.e. tobacco usage.
- Regular monitoring for changes that may indicate a progression toward oral cancer.
- Surgical removal of suspicious lesions if necessary.
- Regular dental checkups are critical for early detection and management.
- Lifestyle adjustments to eliminate irritants like tobacco and alcohol consumption.
- A review of oral hygiene practices.
Oral Lichen Planus vs Leukoplakia
| Feature | Oral Lichen Planus | Leukoplakia |
| Nature | Autoimmune disorder | Caused by chronic irritation |
| Appearance | White lacy lesions; lacy & erosive forms | Thick white patches; cannot be scraped off |
| Common Sites | Any mucous membrane in the mouth | Any mucous membrane in the mouth |
| Risk Factors | Immune responses, lichenoid drug reactions | Tobacco, rough surfaces, irritation |
| Treatment Options | Topical/Systemic corticosteroids, mouth rinse | Address cause, monitor, possible removal |
| Complications | Erosive lichen planus, potential cancer risk | Possible progression to oral cancer |
Both oral lichen planus and leukoplakia could lead to oral cancer if not addressed early. If you notice any signs of either condition, speak to your dentist or oral surgeon.
The Role of an Oral Surgeon in Treating and Diagnosing Oral Conditions
Oral surgeons are specialists in diagnosing and treating oral conditions, with extensive knowledge of the mouth’s anatomy and oral diseases.
An oral surgeon can provide:
- A thorough examination and accurate diagnosis.
- Comprehensive treatment plans for managing symptoms or underlying causes.
- Surgical expertise if necessary for removal or biopsy.
If you have noticed any white patches or lesions in your mouth, contact AZ Max Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeons today.
Our oral surgeons are trained in diagnosing and treating a wide range of oral conditions, including oral lichen planus and leukoplakia.
Don’t delay seeking treatment, keep your smile healthy and schedule an appointment today!
To book an appointment at our oral surgery office in Mesa, North Mesa, Queen Creek, Tempe or Show Low, call (480) 830-5866 or complete the online inquiry form.
Additional Reading
Odontogenic Cysts: The Silent Threat to Your Oral Health
Pregnancy Tumors: A Dental Concern For Expecting Mothers
Exploring Eight Common Types of Oral Conditions
FAQs
The exact cause of oral lichen planus is unknown, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder triggered by genetic factors or certain medications. Stress and hormonal changes may also play a role.
Leukoplakia has the potential to develop into oral cancer if left untreated. Regular monitoring and addressing underlying causes are essential for managing this condition and preventing its progression.
No, leukoplakia is not contagious. It is not caused by a virus or bacteria but rather chronic irritation or other internal factors. However, some conditions that can result in leukoplakia may be contagious, such as human papillomavirus (HPV).
Treatment of oral lichen planus focuses on managing symptoms and reducing discomfort. This may include topical or systemic corticosteroids, mouth rinse, and lifestyle modifications. In severe cases, surgical removal of lesions may be necessary.
Oral lichen planus may be mistaken for other white patches or lesions in the mouth, such as leukoplakia, oral thrush, and even oral cancer. However, a professional diagnosis by an oral surgeon is necessary for accurate identification and treatment.
